William Morris
William Morris (1834 – 1896) was a
poet, author, designer, calligrapher, publisher, weaver, translator,
entrepreneur, visionary, socialist and environmentalist. Any one of those occupations would have been
enough for most men but he excelled in all of these roles. William was only 62 when he died, which today
seems a relatively short life and an incredibly short life when one considers
the breadth and depth of his work. When he was dying, his physician said, “he
is dying simply of being William Morris, of having done more work than ten men”.
Born at
Elm House, Walthamstow into an upper middle class family, his father, also
William, was making a small fortune as a senior partner in a bill broking
business with an office in Lombard Street in the city. When William was six, his family became
seriously rich through the purchase of shares in the lucrative but risky
financing of copper mining in the West Country.
The family moved to Woodford Hall, an imposing Georgian mansion, right next
to Epping Forest where William enjoyed an idyllic childhood. William developed what were to become his 3
lifelong loves at Woodford: Nature – with a special interest in botanical
drawings, Rivers - with the possibility for escape and adventure and everything
Medieval – a trip to Canterbury Cathedral at age 8 left him awestruck at the
majesty of the ancient building.
After
schooling at Marlborough College, William went up to Exeter College, Oxford
with a view to taking holy orders. On
the homeward leg of a trip to study the great cathedrals of Northern France
with Edward Burne Jones, the two friends decided they would not enter the
clergy but instead take up “a life of art” with Burne Jones becoming a painter
and William an architect. William’s
mother was deeply upset at his decision which, for the first time, took him out
of the orbit of his family’s influence and was a rejection of the sort of life
his father had intended he should have.
Through Ned Burne Jones William met the painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti
who encouraged William to become a painter having abandoned his wish to become
an architect.
Whilst
working for Rossetti on the murals of the debating hall in the Oxford Union,
William wrote he had met “a stunner”.
That stunner was eighteen year old Jane Burden who, as the daughter of a
stable hand, was from a very different background than William. William fell in love with Janey, romantically
seeing her as his medieval maiden, and they were married in 1859. Once married William wanted a place to call
home. Red House, the only house he ever
owned, was to be that place and was designed by his friend Phillip Webb with
much input from William.
The
early years at Red House sound idyllic, William was only 25 and Janey 19 when
they moved into the property. William’s
artistic friends came to stay at weekends and the friends set about decorating
Red House with textiles, tapestries, stained glass and wall hanging they had
made. Phillip Webb designed some simple
and sturdy furniture some of which the friends painted. These early days at Red House, with the group
of friends and like-minded individuals, living and working creatively together
were the utopian ideal that William later went on to write about in his
Socialist lectures. It was out of this
ideal and enterprise of friends living and working together that what was later
to be known as The Firm - Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co. - was started in
April 1861. William saw his business
less as an exercise in shop keeping and more as a national reform of art and
one that would go on to be known as The Arts & Crafts Movement.
The William Morris Society: williammorrissociety.org
Red House: www.nationaltrust.org.uk/redhouse
Kelmscott Manor: www.kelmscottmanor.co.uk